Module 4 - Thermal, Electrical and Chemical Injuries

Classification of Burn Depths

A. Superficial burn injury

• 1^st degree burn
• Limited to the epidermis
• Presents with erythema and minimal swelling
• Mild discomfort
• Commonly treated on outpatient basis
  

B. Superficial partial-thickness burns

• Superficial 2^nd degree burns
• Involves the epidermis and superficial portion of the dermis
• Often seen with scalding injuries
• Presents with blister formation and typically blanches with pressure
• Sensitive to light touch or pinprick
• Commonly treated on outpatient basis; heal in 1-3 wks.

C. Deep partial-thickness burns

• Deep 2^nd degree burns
• Involves the epidermis and most of the dermis
• Appears white or poorly vascularized; may not blister
• Less sensitivity to light touch and pinprick than superficial form
• Extensive time to heal (3-4 wks)

Patients often require excision of the wound and skin grafting

D. Full-thickness burns

• 3^rd degree burns
• Involves epidermis, and all layers of dermis, extending down to subcutaneous tissue
• Appears dry, leathery, and insensate, often without blisters
• Can be difficult to differentiate from deep partial-thickness burns
• Commonly seen when patient’s clothes caught on fire/ skin directly exposed to flame
• Usually require referral to burn surgeon; need skin grafting to heal.

E. Fourth degree burns

• Full-thickness burn extending to muscle or bone
• Common result of high-voltage electric injury or severe thermal burns
• Requires hospital admission